The Ceauescus were held by the police while the policemen listened to the radio. lekker winkelen zonder zorgen. Nicolae Ceausescu Execution: A Most Hair Raising Trial Of A Dictator It was on Christmas Day 30 years ago that Romania's tyrannical communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu was executed by firing squad after a summary trial. From 1996 onwards, the private sector would account for most of Romania's GDP. 23 January]1918,[7] rather than the official 8 February[O.S. According to historian Victor Sebestyen, it was one of the few days of the year when the average Romanian put on a happy face, since appearing miserable on this day was too risky to contemplate. Watch the exact moment when a brutal dictator realizes the - DeadState In 1978 he became a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the UK,[84][circular reference] a title of which he was stripped in 1989. Ceausescu Execution Video Faked, Experts Say | AP News Autobiografia lui Nicolae Ceausescu | Netflix And thanks to the marvels of modern technology, anyone can view the proceedings. Autobiografia lui Ceauescu" de Andrei Ujic, la Digi24 He continued to follow an independent policy in foreign relationsfor example, in 1984, Romania was one of few communist states (notably including the People's Republic of China and Yugoslavia) to take part in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, despite a Soviet-led boycott. It also started adding Dacian or Roman versions to the names of cities and towns (Drobeta to Turnu Severin, Napoca to Cluj). I'm no expert and please correct me if I'm wrong. Nicolae Ceauescu - Wikipedia The second, Autobiografia lui Nicolae Ceauescu (2011), was created by a Romanian writer/director named Andrei Ujica, and an English language version of the film was released simultaneously, titled The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceauescu.[108]. Romania 1989: Ceauescu goes down in blood - archive, 1989 In the late 1940s-early 1950s, the Party had been divided into the "home communists" headed by Gheorghiu-Dej who remained inside Romania prior to 1944 and the "Muscovites" who had gone into exile in the Soviet Union. [12] It was Ceauescu's time at Trgu Jiu that marked the beginning of his rise to power. However, widespread infighting by older and more connected officials made the Politburo turn to Ceauescu as a compromise candidate. He organised the 1986 military referendum and managed to change the constitution, adding a clause that barred Romania from taking foreign loans in the future. Subsequently, graffiti of solidarity with the workers' revolt appeared on the student campus, and some students distributed manifestos. According to British journalist Edward Behr, Elena Ceauescu allegedly bonded with Mao's wife, Jiang Qing. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Gender: Male; Birthday: 1918-01-26; Day of Death: . The security team conducted a total of seven arrests. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last communist leader of Romania. What follows, then, could be construed as a lengthy flashback. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. Executing a dictator: Open wounds of Romania's Christmas - BBC Elena Ceausescu, Self: Romania: Death of a Dictator. The rest of the day saw an open revolt of Bucharest's population, which had assembled in University Square and confronted the police and army at barricades. The three were arrested immediately. In particular, he was incensed when Poland's leaders opted for a power-sharing arrangement with the Solidarity trade union. [4] Ceauescu and his wife Elena fled the capital in a helicopter, but they were captured by the military after the armed forces defected. With the death of Gheorghiu-Dej in March 1965, Ceauescu succeeded to the leadership of Romania's Communist Party as first secretary (general secretary from July 1965); and with his assumption of the presidency of the State Council (December 1967), he became head of state as well. WITH THE MOST ACCURATE INFORMATION I COULD GET TROUGH EXTENSIVE RESEARCH, ALL ARE FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Autobiografia lui Nicolae Ceausescu. The Romanian view on 'regional micro-dtente', 196975", Rumnien, 23. "[citation needed] He tried to silence them by raising his right hand and calling for the crowd's attention before order was temporarily restored, then proceeded to announce social benefit reforms that included raising the national minimum wage by 200 lei per month to a total of 2,200 per month by 1 January. After World War II, when Romania was beginning to fall under Soviet influence, Ceauescu served as secretary of the Union of Communist Youth (19441945). [citation needed]. They abandoned the helicopter near Trgovite, having been ordered to land by the army, which by that time had restricted flying in Romania's airspace. For other people, see, President of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Oil embargo, strike and foreign relations, Yearly evolution (in billions of dollars), Foreign state orders, decorations and medals, (All Soviet decorations and medals were revoked in 1990). In 1980, Romania participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with its other Soviet bloc allies, but in 1984 was one of the few Communist countries to participate in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles (going on to win 53 medals, trailing only the United States and West Germany in the overall count)[19][20] when most of the Eastern Bloc's nations boycotted this event. Computer & Elektronica. Create and promote branded videos, host live events and webinars, and more. The last edition of the Country Study on Romania, for instance, referred to the PCR's "Stalinist repression of individual liberties". Demonstrations in the city of Timioara were triggered by the government-sponsored attempt to evict Lszl Tks, an ethnic Hungarian pastor, accused by the government of inciting ethnic hatred. "The Political Regrouping of Romanian Nomenklatura during the 1989 Revolution". [76] For his part, Gorbachev made no secret of his distaste for Ceauescu, whom he called "the Romanian fhrer". Romanian Dictator Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu Execution most - YouTube On his 70th birthday in 1988, Ceauescu was decorated with the Karl-Marx-Order by then Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) chief Erich Honecker; through this he was honoured for his rejection of Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms. No because he s alive and currently living in Cuba with 2pac, Man the house parties they must have with Michael Jackson and Adolf Hitler. He also appointed and dismissed the president of the Supreme Court and the prosecutor general whenever the legislature was not in session. He travelled to Prague a week before the invasion to offer moral support to his Czechoslovak counterpart, Alexander Dubek. [66], While the term Ceauism became widely used inside Romania,[citation needed] usually as a pejorative, it never achieved status in academia. The one on you tube is pretty damn real. Kemenici declares that during the December 22-25 1989, in Romania there were more power centers that claimed priority over the life or death of the Ceausescu couple. Pinstripes and Reds: An American Ambassador Caught Between the State Department & the Romanian Communists, 19811985 Washington, D.C.: Selous Foundation Press, 1987. Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu before execution (December, 1989) EloyPaula51379843. I know theres a movie with fake footage out there but my teacher says there is a real video. In 1954, Ceauescu became a full member of the Politburo and eventually rose to occupy the second-highest position in the party hierarchy. Mothers of at least five children were entitled to receive significant benefits, while mothers of at least ten children were declared "heroine mothers" by the Romanian state. Video marketing. Some 300 protesters were arrested and in order to hide the idea that the Braov uprising had been a political one, the protesters were tried for disturbing the public peace and outrage against morals. [25] Behr wrote that the possibility that what Ceauescu had seen in both China and North Korea were "vast Potemkin villages for the hoodwinking of gullible foreign guests" was something that never seemed to have crossed his mind. Ceauescu visited China, North Korea, Mongolia and North Vietnam in 1971. The following month, Ceauescu's government itself collapsed after a series of violent events in Timioara and Bucharest. [16] In 1971, Romania became a member of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Two documentaries have been made about Ceauescu in the 21st century. [37] The CIA World Factbook edition of 1990 listed Romania's external debt as "none" as of mid-1989. Several foreign decorations were revoked at the time of the collapse of Ceauescu's rule. What do you mean by fake footage? He directed the construction of the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, which broke ground in June 1984. Among these were: continuous growth in the "leading role" of the Party; improvement of Party education and of mass political action; youth participation on large construction projects as part of their "patriotic work"; an intensification of political-ideological education in schools and universities, as well as in children's, youth and student organizations; and an expansion of political propaganda, orienting radio and television shows to this end, as well as publishing houses, theatres and cinemas, opera, ballet, artists' unions, promoting a "militant, revolutionary" character in artistic productions. May 19th, 2020 - the autobiography of nicolae ceausescu movie reviews amp metacritic score during the summary Do you have an example that you can share? [48], During the Ceauescu regime, the Romani were largely neglected. Romanians burn a portrait of Nicolae Ceausescu in Denta on Dec. 22, 1989, as residents take to the streets to celebrate the downfall of the dictator. On the next day, 21 December, Ceauescu staged a mass meeting in Bucharest. The 1974 XIth Party Congress tightened the Party's grip on Romanian culture, guiding it towards Ceauescu's nationalist principles. Ceauescu reduced the size of the Romanian People's Army by 5%, for which he organized a mock referendum. [14] Ceauescu ultimately negotiated a compromise solution to the strike. child abandonment became commonplace and a considerable number of women either died or were maimed from clandestine . Credea cu tarie. As an . Starting with the 197374 Arab oil embargo against the West, a period of prolonged high oil prices set in that characterised the rest of the 1970s. Trial and Execution: The Dramatic Deaths of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu The entire medium- and long-term external debt was repaid. [22], The social and economic transformations resulted in improved living conditions for Romanians. 1:26. By the late 1960s, the population began to swell. Ceauescu rose up through the ranks of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's Socialist government and, upon Gheorghiu-Dej's death in 1965, he succeeded to the leadership of the Romanian Communist Party as general secretary.[2]. Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu - Wikipedia Filmul despre Ceauescu este descris drept un melanj experimental de documentar i ficiune, un portret al noii generaii n ncercarea de a gsi motivaia din spatele aciunilor tnrului Nicolae Ceauescu, acum cnd acceptarea social i dorina de a fi . He became an apprentice shoemaker,[9] working in the workshop of Alexandru Sndulescu, a shoemaker who was an active member in the then-illegal Communist Party. Haha, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKyyYbMx6YM, Tell your teacher to look up who the camera man was, and check online what he does for a living todayhe might be in for a surprise. This can be explained by the largely crude and syncretic character of the dogma. Nicolae Ceauescu (/tasku/ chow-SHESK-oo, Romanian:[nikola.e tea.uesku] (listen); 5 February[O.S. 'I'm still nervous,' says soldier who shot Nicolae Ceausescu [46], Romanian workers began to mobilize against the economic policies of Ceauescu. Film of Ceausescu executions deepens debate on last hours - Tampa Bay Times [60], The Ceauescus were the last people to be executed in Romania before the abolition of capital punishment on 7 January 1990.[61]. "Mircea the Elder", whom he styled "Mircea the Great") and Mihai Viteazul (Michael the Brave). Has anyone got the real video of Nicolae Ceausescu's death? In his final years, he had begun to rehabilitate the image of pro-Nazi dictator Ion Antonescu. [53], However, Ceauescu had misjudged the crowd's mood. Nicolae Ceauescu [nikolae teauesku] (Aussprache? A 1989 decree legally prohibited Romanian entities from contracting external debt. Sign in Nicolae Ceauescu - The fall and death - History channel History channel 2.45K subscribers Subscribe 458 Save 564K views 8 years ago Notice Age-restricted video (based on Community. Muziek, Film & Games. Ceausescus Beg For Mercy, Weep in New Execution Footage [73] Although Ceauescu maintained an independent, "national Communist" course, his absolute control over the country, as well as the intensity of the personality cult surrounding him, led many non-Romanian observers to describe his rule as one of the closest things to an old-style Stalinist regime. With the partial exception of Poland, where the Polish October crisis of 1956 brought to power the previously imprisoned "home communist" Wadysaw Gomuka, Romania was the only Eastern European nation where the "home communists" triumphed over the "Muscovites". This link seems to lead to the real footage. In 1988, real GDP contracted by 0.5%, mostly due to a decline in industrial output caused by significantly increased material costs. In the early years of his rule, he generally relaxed political pressures inside Romanian society,[70] which led to the late 1960s and early 1970s being the most liberal decade in Socialist Romania. The result was economic stagnation throughout the 1980s and, towards the end of the decade, the conditions were created for an economic crisis. The lingering amount, totalling less than 1 million, consisted of short-term credits (mainly short-term export credits granted by Romania). and "We want bread without a card!". By dusk, Securitate forces and the military surrounded the city center and disbanded the revolt by force. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video of the highest quality. Nicolae Ceauescu ( / tasku / chow-SHESK-oo, Romanian: [nikola.e tea.uesku] ( listen); 5 February [ O.S. The country, which had little to no information of the events transpiring in Timioara from the national media, learned about the revolt from radio stations (such as Voice of America and Radio Free Europe) and by word of mouth. President Nicolae Ceauescu was overthrown yesterday and became a fugitive in the country he has ruled for 24 years as remnants of his personal troops fought bitter last battles with regular. [17], A series of official visits to Western countries (including the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Australia) helped Ceauescu to present himself as a reforming Communist, pursuing an independent foreign policy within the Soviet Bloc. [citation needed] In a 1972 speech, Ceauescu stated he wanted "a certain blending of party and state activities in the long run we shall witness an ever closer blending of the activities of the party, state and other social bodies". In the museum bed and other things is kept for the tourist where the couple spent their last 4 hours. / i; * 26. [71] President Richard Nixon was invited to Bucharest in 1969, which was the first visit of a United States president to a communist country after the start of the Cold War. DISCLAIMER .Death Row is a Channel that educates and also does not in anyway encourage any actions or behaviors, that might land anyone in jail or on death row.Death row channel does not accept any racial, profanity,sexism or any negative discussion aimed at an individual. [18] Ceauescu negotiated in international affairs, such as the opening of US relations with China in 1969 and the visit of Egyptian president Anwar Sadat to Israel in 1977. Honorary degrees from the University of Bucharest (1973), Lebanese University (1974), University of Buenos Aires (1974), Autonomous University of Yucatn (1975), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis (1975), University of the Philippines (1975), University of Liberia (1988) and Kim Il-sung University North Korea (1988). Starring: Nicolae Ceausescu, Elena Ceausescu. 1990 58 m IMDb RATING 9.2 /10 29 YOUR RATING Rate Documentary Drama The story of the events that led up to the revolt against, overthrow and eventual execution of murderous longtime Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaucescu. According to official results, the referendum yielded a nearly unanimous "yes" vote. biographies on nicolae ceausescu research papers on "Pressestimmen Ein fesselndes Stck europischer Zeitgeschichte. (Mitteldeutsche Zeitung)Thomas Kunze zeichnet . Ceauescu's political independence from the Soviet Union and his protest against the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 drew the interest of Western powers, whose governments briefly believed that he was an anti-Soviet maverick and hoped to create a schism in the Warsaw Pact by funding him. This is "Death of a Dictator - Nicolae Ceausescu - 1990" by Gert Elhorst on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. In 1982, Ceauescu directed the government to export much of the country's agricultural and industrial production in an effort to repay these debts. Convertible currency exports were promoted at all costs and imports were severely compressed. [21], Ceauescu refused to implement measures of economic liberalism. The first film was written and directed by Ben Lewis for the BBC, titled The King of Communism: The Pomp & Pageantry of Nicolae Ceauescu (2002). For years, nearly all official photographs of him showed him in his late 40s. Ceauescu's attempts to implement policies that would lead to a significant growth of the population led to a growing number of unsafe abortions and increased the number of orphans in state institutions. Biblioteca Digital a Publicaiilor Culturale conine o colecie de periodice i cri romneti din domeniul tiinelor umaniste i sociale, editate de instituii publice de cultur. Ceausescu la Targoviste, Domenico interviews General Andrei Kemenici, the one who held Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu in custody, at the Targoviste garrison. 'Shameful but necessary': How the Romanian rulers who starved their [10] He spent most of his sentence in Doftana Prison. [55] The Hungarian military attach expressed doubt regarding these figures, pointing out the unfeasible logistics of killing such a large number of people in such a short period of time. [13], To lessen the chance of further treason after Pacepa's defection, Ceauescu also invested his wife Elena and other members of his family with important positions in the government. Nicolae Ceauescu had a major influence on modern-day Romanian populist rhetoric. The soldiers agreed to this and began to tie their hands behind their backs, which the Ceauescus protested against, but were powerless to prevent. Romania: The Entangled Revolution. EXECUTED ON CHRISTMAS DAY - Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu DEATH ROW 42.1K subscribers Subscribe 251K views 1 year ago hello everyone executed on Christmas day, Nicolae Ceauescu was born on 23. Soon after being freed, he was arrested again and sentenced for "conspiracy against social order", spending the time during the war in prisons and internment camps: Jilava (1940), Caransebe (1942), Vcreti (1943), and Trgu Jiu (1943). The Communist Party daily Scnteia published the message, unaware that it was a work of satire. Spy/Master, un serial cu spioni a crui aciune este plasat n Romnia i Germania anului 1978, a avut recent premiera mondial n cadrul festivalului de la Berlin. Cel mai bun film documentar este despre Ceauescu Spy/Master, serialul care i readuce la via pe soii Ceauescu Based on his birth certificate, he was born on 5 February[O.S. [32][33] Similarly, in 1983, Vice President of the United States George H. W. Bush and in 1985 United States Secretary of State George Shultz also praised the Romanian dictator.[34]. Host virtual town halls, onboard and train employees, collaborate . He ruled Romania according to orthodox Communist principles, causing food . [72] Notably, it demanded that Romanian historians refer to Dacians as having "an unorganised State", part of a political continuum that culminated in the Socialist Republic. RM 2D592JY - A woman lights a candle at the grave of Romania's late dictator Nicolae Ceausescu in a Christmas Day vigil, in Bucharest December 25, marking his and his wife Elena's execution by firing squad during a violent uprising 10 years ago. [77] Ceauescu made efforts to act as a mediator between the PLO and Israel. The latter friendship was to last until Tito's death in 1980, with Ceauescu adapting the Titoist doctrine of "independent Socialist development" to suit his own objectives. Trial and Execution: The Dramatic Deaths of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescu Twenty years ago on Christmas Day, the Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena were executed after a summary trial. Roughly eight minutes into his speech, several people began jeering and booing, and others began chanting "Timioara! The Romanian Senate, which was originally housed in the former building of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party, has been headquartered in the Parliamentary Palace since 2004. Few women ever sought to receive this status. This quasi-Maoist speech, which came to be known as the July Theses, contained seventeen proposals. In 1952, Gheorghiu-Dej brought him onto the Central Committee months after the party's "Muscovite faction" led by Ana Pauker had been purged. Wednesday marks 30 years since Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania's authoritarian communist leader, was deposed and executed - an event that signalled a new beginning in the country following a bloody. [citation needed] In 1971, the Party, which had already been completely purged of internal opposition (with the possible exception of Gheorghe Gaston Marin),[69] approved the July Theses, expressing Ceauescu's disdain of Western models as a whole, and the reevaluation of the recent liberalisation as bourgeois. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The motion entirely ignored the Romani. All Nicolae Ceausescu Movie Posters,High res movie posters image for Nicolae Ceausescu, Nicolae Ceausescu Photos. Ceauescu was likewise stripped of his honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (GCB) status by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the day before his execution. Strict ideological conformity in the humanities and social sciences was demanded. Born in 1918 in Scorniceti, Ceauescu was a member of the Romanian Communist youth movement. Despite the 1988 decline, the net foreign balance reached its decade peak (9.5% of GDP). ", "We want light and heat!" But my teacher is sure he saw a video, recorded from a high angle of the whole execution. Upon his return to Romania on the evening of 20 December, the situation became even more tense, and he gave a televised speech from the TV studio inside the Central Committee Building (CC Building), in which he spoke about the events at Timioara in terms of an "interference of foreign forces in Romania's internal affairs" and an "external aggression on Romania's sovereignty". Much of the building remains empty, being larger than the Parliament needs, though Parliament shares it with three museums and an international conference center. Consequences for breaking these rules were severe; one producer showed footage of Ceauescu blinking and stuttering, and was banned for three months.[13]. He also became eager to be seen as an enlightened international statesman, able to mediate in international conflicts, and to gain international respect for Romania. [9] He was first arrested in 1933, at the age of 15, for street fighting during a strike and again, in 1934, first for collecting signatures on a petition protesting the trial of railway workers and twice more for other similar activities. Queen Elizabeth II also returned the insignia of the Order of the Star of the Socialist Republic of Romania that Ceauescu had bestowed upon her in 1978.[100]. 2010 | Maturity Rating: 13+ | 3h | Documentary Films. Official media presented it as a "spontaneous movement of support for Ceauescu", emulating the 1968 meeting in which he had spoken against the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact forces. Zwanger, Baby & Peuter. During the Congress, Ceauescu made a speech denouncing the anti-Communist revolutions happening throughout the rest of Eastern Europe. [citation needed], Not surprisingly, Ceauescu was greatly concerned about his public image. Platforma permite cutri avansate i ofer posibilitatea de a descrca coninutul publicaiilor n format pdf. Mai vechi ca el erau . Nicolae and Elena Ceauescu were convicted of all charges and condemned to death in what amounted to a show trial. [62] The body believed to be Elena's had decayed too much to allow for a positive identification, but Nicolae was easily identifiable, wearing the bullet-riddled black winter coat he had been wearing during the execution. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. Medical control was seen as one of the most productive effects of the law, since all women who became pregnant were under the care of a qualified medical practitioner, even in rural areas. VIDEO 216 Nicolae Ceausescu Death Premium High Res Photos Browse 216 nicolae ceausescu death stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Ceauescu was prepared to take a more decisive step in questioning Soviet policies. They were eventually turned over to the army. In 1974, Ceauescu converted his post of president of the State Council to a full-fledged executive presidency. If you have a link or something I would highly appreciate it, https://www.reddit.com/r/Romania/comments/jnhwfk/pentru_colegul_uprogramapulatorul_care_era_confuz/?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share. [74] A new generation of committed supporters on the outside confirmed the administration's character. After being tried and convicted of economic sabotage and genocide,[5] both were sentenced to death, and they were immediately executed by firing squad on 25 December.[6]. Kemenici says he . Press J to jump to the feed. [94][95] In 2014, the percentage of those who would vote for Ceauescu reached 46%. Film documentar de propaganda menit sa marcheze cucerirea puterii de catre comunisti. The manner in which the trial was conducted has been criticised. [63], Praising the crimes of totalitarian governments and denigrating their victims is forbidden by law in Romania; this includes the Ceauescu era. Pacepa's 1986 book, Red Horizons: Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief (.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN0-89526-570-2), claims to expose details of Ceauescu's government activities, such as massive spying on American industry and elaborate efforts to rally Western political support.