Maple Leaf Coal Company, While WCC was emplacing its considerable surface plant in the late 19-aughts, another outfit moved into the locality, attracted by an exposed seam of coal up on the bench above, and to the east of, the WCC operation. #5 Crowsnest Mountain Mountain Elevation: 2785 m Updated: 2020-05-03 Crowsnest Mountain is a scenic mountain in the southern Canadian Rockies of southwestern Alberta, Canada. A document called the Trust Deed dated January 1 of 1952 specified that CCL was constituted from the assets of International, MCC and Hillcrest-Mohawk and recorded that Hillcrest-Mohawk would remain a separate entity with its original shares outstanding. About five easy kilometres easterly from Coleman the No. Particularly irksome to the men was the Companys refusal to build a wash-house in which to scrub away the encrusted grime of a day sweated away in the mine. During the dozen or so millennia since, the River has scoured its bed deep into the gravel, leaving terraces above the stream upon which the prudent have built their houses and highways. Union representatives were simply not tolerated; they could buy no food, no shelter, and anyone assisting them would quickly suffer the same penalties. Across the tracks and nearer the River, the compound of Devon Energys scouring station is packed with silver sheds, brutally chrome pipes and ranked piles of large, yellow blocks of sulphur. Not far from 20ths intersection, Blairmore Gap squeezes the Railway, the River and the Highway into a narrow corridor between Bluff and a foot of Turtle Mountain to the south. [2] The Crowsnest Highway travels for 47km (29mi) through Bonanza Pass to its junction with Highway 3B at Nancy Greene Lake, which is the cutoff to Rossland and Trail. In the winter, when the water was low in the Crowsnest, McLarens mill hands hied themselves to the woods to cut the next summers supply of logs and drive them en masse to the mill in an exciting and wildly dangerous adventure in the spring. Railroads having long ago proved to be the most economic mode of transporting coal, spurs from a mainline had to be laid to the mine mouth and loading facilities erected. On December 2nd of the following year H-MC bought Consolidated M&Ss shares in CCL for $625,000. It is a little over 400 km to Vancouver from Osoyoos. Come 1906 and a bullish coal market, Hamilton sent the Kerr brothers, John and William, into the Trough to find a likely prospect. Mountain Mill proved pleasingly profitable for McLaren, and he expanded his operations. The highway goes east for 7 km (4.3 mi) to its junction with Highway 5, then through Allison Pass and Manning Provincial Park for 127 km (79 mi) towards the Town of Princeton. If the use of the safety lamp was to be enforced, the miners argued, they must be paid more per ton as their output would decrease in the darker mine. In 1906, to better serve a population that was estimated to be 1300, the CPR built a proper station at Coleman, a Standard Number 5. On July 29th, 1907, the lone RN-WMP member posted in Coleman got some back-up when the Village appointed John Nathan as constable at $510 per year. Labour problems could disrupt production or transportation break-downs could interrupt deliveries. Rather than replace or rebuild them, the Company decided to scrap them all and adopt the diesel locomotive. In October of 1901 Alexander Leitch16 from Killarney, Manitoba, opened the hamlets first mercantile store. Plan your future fall road trip to remember along BC's scenic Highway 3. The local ranchersFrank Gainey, Paul Offner, Matthew Mitchell and W. H. (Bill) Jenkinsand their families had to work their way down along a crude waggon trail to Pincher Creek to pick up supplies. Its an issue providing a reliable data stream to the base of the mountain, where the monitoring team has an operation base. Judged lacking, the bid was rejected by Internationals board who continued negotiations with Gordon, et al. Just as production commenced, Turtle Mountain smashed down into the Crowsnests valley, wiping out the lower two miles of the F&GMs trackage and its junction with the CNL, then being re-aligned by the firm of Poupoure and McVeigh. Manufactured by the Canadian Locomotive Company at Kingston in May of 1914 and never converted to piston valves, Old Maude is eighty tons of crumbling steel and wood embalmed with a thick coat of mourning-black paint. Who knows what other considerations prompted the Department to release the mill into private ownership: contributions to the campaign coffers of a few Tory politicians perhaps? Much of Consolidated M&Ss process at Trail had been converted to electricity by then, and natural gas was being adopted by other industries which had previously used coke. School classes, state the authors of the chapter entitled Education in Photo CompanionCrowsnest and its people., were offered that year, possibly in Montalbettis cabin. Into the seam above the Main vertical raises would be dug for as far as the seam allowed. Perhaps Maple Leafs most interesting contribution to the district was Maple Leafor BellevueBush Town, Il Bosc, a little renegade community of shanties which squatted by the tracks between the WCC and MLC tipples. BC It built a water system, and enjoyed electricity provided by WCCs stone-built powerhouse located a bit down the valley at the No. This reputation for violence followed it across the Boundary, and it was therefore under pressure from all levels of authority to quit Canada. 3 climbs higher on the bench past the rambling Bohomlic ranchstead and riding stables as it begins to curl southerly to skirt Iron Ridge, a feature of the Crowsnest Volcanics formation of the Lower Cretaceous Age of the Mesozoic Era. In 1929 the Mines mouth was re-enforced with a concrete portal and the tipple was rebuilt. North of the spoil piles was the Greenhill mines yards where trains of coal cars could be parked on several sidings to await their loads. As the 20s whimpered to an end, both companies biggest customer by far was Canadian Pacific with its fleets of boats, ships, stationary boilers and locomotives. The British, the second largest group, feared the Slavs who made up the largest population, and the Slavs had little use for Italians, the third largest group. Crowsnest Pass (sometimes referred to as Crow's Nest Pass, French: col du Nid-de-Corbeau) is a low mountain pass across the Continental Divide of the Canadian Rockies on the AlbertaBritish Columbia border. Enter your email address if you would like a reply: The information on this form is collected under the authority of Sections 26(c) and 27(1)(c) of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act to help us assess and respond to your enquiry. The news surprised no-one. Farthest west, the Highways former alignment now calls itself 21st Avenue and branches off northward, weaves itself up among the boulders to mount the bench and roll along its lip past houses and cottages towards the downtown. Some twelve hours later it was Dan McKenzie who was the first to break into dusky sunlight and look down on a landscape transformed. Gebo and H.L. Title: Elevation and Grade Profile on Highway 5 - Coquihalla Pass Author: BC Ministry of Transporation Subject: Elevation and Grade Profile on Highway 5 - Coquihalla Pass Keywords: Elevation and Grade Profile on Highway 5 - Coquihalla Pass It stretches 1,161km (721mi) across the southern portions of both provinces, from Hope, British Columbia to Medicine Hat, Alberta, providing the shortest highway connection between the Lower Mainland and southeast Alberta through the Canadian Rockies. Police Flats are so called because the Crows Nest Detachment of the North-West Mounted Police built a temporary post here in 1881 to discourage rustling and horse-thieving through the Pass. This scheme attracted the backing of Blairmores major employer, West Canadian Collieries, Limited, and with rumours of English capital drifting through conversations, minor merchants from up and down the eastern pass hurried to subscribe. Early on in the areas industrial history, the miners had joined the United Mine Workers of America and used their mass will to obtain a fair recompense for their back-breaking and dangerous vocation. This ordinance, No. That year the Town bought the utilities from Internationals Coleman Light and Water. The words of organizer Harvey Murphy struck a resonant chord especially with the West Canadian Collieries workers who were the first to associate their MWUC local with the WUL. The Adanac South strip mine was soon being laid out, and WCC returned to Grassy Mountain to strip near its former mines at Lille. Dunning began publishing out of the old Miner building in 1921. Negligence, roared the Union, and resentments hardened. WWII, however, changed the economics of the situation. Highway 93 and the Crowsnest share a common alignment for the next 53km (33mi) southeast to Elko, where Highway 93 diverges south. On the inside of the curve is the Municipality of Crowsnest Passs west-bound welcoming display; on the outside the scenic side road from Hillcrest joins. 3 bumps over the River. On June 14th, 1944, the Towns population was enumerated at 3,169, the largest settlement in the east Pass. Casual, company-sponsored jobsite associations replaced it. The Natives arent so sure. Though there was plenty of coal, there were few customers relative to the number of competitors. By the 1920s, its hopes betrayed, the Hotel gave itself over to act as headquarters to Douglas Allisons horse ranch for a few years before time claimed its due. In December of 1939 it sealed the Hillcrest, and continued to work the Mohawk while it developed a strip mine at Tent Mountain, on the Alberta side of the border near Corbin, B.C. With families of European descent beginning to move into the district, and the nearby settlements of Fort Macleod, Coal Banks and Pincher Creek steadily growing, Lee began to tout the amazing curative properties of the Springs waters. In 1938 the hamlet had supported a theatre, seven or eight stores including Lipnickas, Kong Sings confectionary, and Cruickshanks general store, the Palm Caf, a Royal Bank, Fumigallis motor garage, a hotel, a complete school, and had enjoyed the attentions of Dr. Rose in his little company-sponsored hospital. This is the Burmis bench. In the late 1970s CCL began to loose its Japanese markets to Kaiser Resources in the west Pass. Haultain ordered a waggon road be worked around the northern fringe of the debris and, after warning people to move away from the base of the Mountain, left to attend to other business. Thereafter people were disinclined to live in the shadow of Turtle Mountain and pressure was put upon Blairmore to accommodate the refugees as well as the increasing numbers of pioneers who came to the Trough to earn their fortunes. 6. portion of The Highway is complete and requires only constant revision. Probably more than Campbell, Howard appreciated that the quickly shrinking market necessitated a drastic cuts in the costs of production. Twenty years later it remains closed. McGillivray Creek Coal and Coke Company and Coleman maturing, Incorporated in the State of Washington in 1909 with $3 millions in capitalization and the capable Lorne Argyle Campbell, the vice-president and general manager of the CPRs West Kootenay Power & Light, as president, the McGillivray Creek Coal and Coke Company (MCC) was formed to purchase nearly 2,000 acres of coal leases just to the north of Coleman, under the eastern slopes of Iron Ridge, an extension of the Dennison measures. When the provinces divisions were re-jigged on January 1st, 1996, the Municipality was enlarged with the inclusion of part of Improvement District No. . There was a loop-hole, however: if one was a friend of the lieutenant-governor one could get a permit to import and legitimately sell regulated quantities of alcohol to non-Natives. Until the guide turns off the mine lighting, most people have no real appreciation of what darkness is, and until you finally gets your feeble little helmet lamp turned on, you dont see anything no matter how long you give your eyes to adjust. However, noting that the Crowsnest region had voted overwhelmingly No in the 1915 plebiscite on whether or not to illegalize alcohol in Alberta, the Ministry of Justice began to wonder if perhaps a greater provincial presence was warranted in the Pass. It was re-christened the Frank Military Hospital and Doctors Ritchie and A.H. Baker came to administer to the sick. In 2002, however, the American embargo on imports of softwood lumber from Canada had brought an anxious tranquility to Atlas. For six long, bitter months the miners battled to keep scabs from productively operating the mine. Wm. Rocky Mountain sold its works to the Canadian Cement Company, but the plant never re-opened and was scrapped out in 1939. In gratitude to the Minister of Railways, A.G. Blair, for involving Federal money in the construction of the CNL, and to honour Mr. More, the Lines divisional superintendent, on November 15, 1899, the residents named their hamlet Blairmore. Sixteen days later, on December 1st, the settlement was officially recognized when the Post Office contracted Lyon to open a local bureau in his store and appointed him post master.13 Some 200 metres away on the travellers right at about 2 oclock, is a siding which was first laid in 1909 to facilitate the loading of clay. Though the Service was only established after the Dominion transferred the administration of natural resources to the province on October 31, 1936, the history of forestry in the east Pass goes back to the terrible year of 1910 when wild fires burned off half the timber on southern Albertas eastern slopes. To monitor the situation and, hopefully, prevent a re-occurrence, Ottawa set up the Rocky Mountain Forest Reserves and outlined the Crowsnest Forest in this area, naming Pincher Creek as the local headquarters. One of the Governments main concerns was the effect of liquor on the First Nations peoples. Kerrs old Chinook Motel, now closed and largely demolished, its remains a private residence. Crowsnest Highway was created in 1932. His proposals initially met disinterest as McGillivray and International were intent on completing the consolidation of their operations, but Gordons suasions soon began to make sense. To deal with the unification of their labour, the mine owners in Crowsnest Pass formed the Western Coal Operators Association in 1906. King Coal, Tipped to an angle of approximately 45 and rising to the roots of the yellow grass blanketing the Troughs belly is the Kootenay Formation, a 450 to 550 foot-thick sandwich of sandstones and shales laid down, reports Dr. J. Wm. The CPR esteemed it especially for use on passenger trains and bought all it could get. It became an annual event and did much to instil a sense of community in Bellevues residents. Over the decades, however, mine by mine, concessions were won, the most fundamental being the right of workers to organize and use the threat of withholding their labour as an ace in the hole when bargaining for the improvement of their lot. 1932: The portion of the Red Trail through the Frank Slide is realigned as a, 1966: Communities of Michel, Natal, and Sparwood amalgamate into the District Municipality of, This page was last edited on 24 December 2022, at 00:18. Had I my rod and a licence, I do believe I would have trolled the depths a few times with a Killr Kannuck Jiggly-Wiggly or gently settle a Royal Coachman out on the crests to test the Lakes famed Dolly Varden and Cut-throat trout. On the western edge of new Frank an access road leaves the Highway to the south, bumps over the Railways tracks onto the original townsite of Frank, now occupied by a struggling industrial park just daring the Turtle to take another swat at it. Possibly it was D. McPhail who succeeded Lees as McLarens manager. Notwithstanding its reputation as a good outfit for which to work, International suffered during the Big Strike of 1911 along with the other coal companies. Along with all the rest of the Trough coal mine operators, Mohawk Bituminous Collieries struggled through the 20s and into the Depression. After a few trainloads, however, the factories in The Hat found that they could just as easily make pipe out of local clays, and the miners at Sentinel packed up their shovels and moved on, leaving the tiny hamlet to huddle around its Railway siding hoping that someone interesting would step off onto the gravel. In the early years in Blairmore the Law had made do with a variety of rented or leased buildings to serve as courthouse. These grievances added their weight to others and when the United Mine Workers of America called out the workers in a Pass-wide strike in the early months of 1911, WCCs Bellevue men were among the first out. Some experts believe its just a matter of time before another major landslide occurs. On 8th one passes the two-storey wood framed and ship-lap sided cracker box of the Halton-Moser store which MacLean Trading erected in 1905, the Moose Hall, formerly a Chinese restaurant dating from the 1920s, and the Crowsnest Ceramic Store which has tried to impress the streetscape with what the Ecomuseum Trust like to call its boomtown front since circa 1910. Operations in the Mohawk ceased on March 14th, 1952. The Town of Coleman acquired the property sometime in the 1910s, and soon after R. Wesley Johnston, a local builder, crafted a nifty little power boat and made pocket money taking day-trippers for cruises. The Journal itself was founded in 1921, ten years after the Coleman Miner was suppressed by the authorities for radically labour points of view. At least 81 people died, the exact total remaining unknown because no-one knows exactly how many workers were in Poupoure and McVeighs construction camp on the flats by the rail linefive, reports the Cranbrook Herald of April 30th, including J. McVeighor how many guests might have been staying with the families in the lost eastern end of the hamlet. Double-click the map at the last point you wish to draw, and an Elevation Profile will appear. Simple and efficient, with gravity doing half the work. Discouraged, FCC closed the mine for good. Highway6 splits south near Pincher Creek. It was the first time in Alberta that pulverized coal had been thusly employed. Away eastward from the ruin of the Leitch powerhouse and up a few feet out of Police Flats, the Highway breaks free of the Rockies. In 1902 the dam and much of Mountain Mill was washed away in the spring floods,11 but by then McLarens mill-saws were howling out building planks and mine props by the thousands of board feet in Blairmore. 3, which, by its shortest configuration, uncurls 1167 kilometres (730 miles) across the varied topography of south-western Canada, using the storied Crowsnest Pass to breach the blue Rocky Mountains between Albertas high plains and the mountains and lakes of British Columbias Interior. By its longest configuration it meanders more than 1300 historic, scenic and culturally diverse kilometres. When Ottawa finally declared in 1911 that the part of the Frank townsite still endangered by Turtle Mountain must be abandoned, most of its residents moved west 3 miles to Blairmore. The proviso was that no liquor could be sold on any property for 15 years from the date of purchaseColeman was to be a family town. Doctors Ritchie and A.H. 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