Wages are shown in 1931 US dollars. Veteran colliers knew competitive individualism bred greed, hostility, thievery, and a disregard for mine safety. Unskilled labor hired by cities for construction, repair or cleaning of streets. The mine was run by the Japanese, who had occupied the area, along with the rest of the puppet state of Manchukuo, using prisoners of war or poorly-paid Chinese locals as their miners. It was usually undertaken by women, and sometimes children. Describes the labor policy of South Africa in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. See "Blood donation" in. When he lit the fuse, the lead miner hollered, Fire in the hole, and scuttled out of the room with his buddy. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Source: BLS, Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. The mine foreman was legally responsible for safety. Cottage and bungalow home designs with illustrations and floor plans in the "Wardway homes" catalog. But the chorus of foreign languages confirmed managements fears that companies were slipping out of control. Wages are shown in pounds, shillings, and pence. Total Pay. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930), Shows the average wages of multiple occupation in the mining industry. An open flame provided the only light, and the cloth cap barely kept lamp soot away. This was the world Frank Keeney entered as a boy. ), athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, Prices of articles bought by farmers, 1909-1924, Prices paid by farmers for household items, 1910-1960, Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Women's clothing catalog - B. Altman & Co., Summer 1920. Rompers, night gowns, baby shoes, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. The correct use of explosives depended on the miners skill and knowledge of how to drill, how much powder to use, and how to damp a charge properly. Workers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884, Managers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884. There was little prospect then that coal would be in demand as it is today or that the daily wage of miners would be multiplied 8 to 10 times by 1974. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Covers occupations in the building trades, metal trades, printing trades, coal mining and more. Retail prices for brick, cement, lumber of various kinds, window glass, shingles, nails and more. 45-57. Source: Click "more" for direct links to each occupation. Table shows average 1929 and 1931 weekly wages of full-time store employees, managers, and supervisors by kind and size of chain and location. Shows monthly wages based on the ocean routes traveled: San Francisco to points west, and New York City to points south and east. Shows average value per acre for all real estate with buildings, and the value of land alone, by county, for six states: MA, CT, RI , ME, VT and NH. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of food, clothing, and fuel prices in Shanghai. These deposits could produce firedamp, which contained methane and sometimes carbon dioxide that seeped out of the coal seams. Source: BLS. Article compares the cost of renting versus buying a home in 1928. Income statistics of full time professional women were published in study by the Association of Business and Professional Women. Wages are shown in Czech krone. Average weekly earnings of male and female workers in the British cotton industry are shown at four periods of time in 1924. Before the days of electric cars, many boys served as mule drivers. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. Covers New York City, New Jersey towns, Fall River MA, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco and Portland OR. At dawn, the workers reported to the payroll clerk in the company office, where they were handed numbered brass checks to attach to each coal car they loaded. Source: BLS. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Source: Shows pay for state carpenters, stage electricians, props men, show directors, agents, ushers and more. Compares average retail prices for drug-store items at independent stores and chain stores in Cincinnati and Washington DC. Source: Discusses average prices American families were paying for medical care and hospital trips. 162-207. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Since money wage rates of foreign countries have little meaning for economists in America, only the real wage rates are given.", Shows the average hourly and weekly wages of various occupations for both skilled and unskilled laborers. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. What was the salary for a coal miner in the 1950s? - Answers Source: 1934 Statistical Abstract of the United States. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933; Coal mining wages by state, 1923 Source: Miners' wages and the cost of coal: an inquiry into the wages system., pp. Includes many brand names. Shows the average retail prices of staple foodstuffs in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages for various occupations in Tokyo. Source: BLS. Table 679 of this 1923 USDA Yearbook tells how much U.S. farmers paid for farm tools and implements, work gloves, shirts and shoes, shotguns, tobacco, wagons, building materials such as nails and shingles, and household items such as dishes and fruit jars, washtubs and buckets in 1909, 1914-1922. Source: You may download a pdf version of the 1928, Hotel rates are shown in the advertisements in. In 1923, there were about 883,000 coal miners; today there are about 53,000. Wages are in contemporary US dollars. From, Average monthly wages by state,with and without board. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Source: BLS. In 1974, the Environmental Protection Agency commissioned photojournalist Jack Corn to document the plight of the American coal miner in Appalachia. 1920, Wages by occupation - Manchuria, 1920-1921, Daily and monthly wage earnings - Soviet Union, 1926-1927, Average yearly wages in the Soviet Union, 1929-1932, salaries paid school teachers throughout Russia, seldom exceed 12 rubles per month in late 1923, Agricultural wages - Switzerland in 1914, 1921, 1930, Earnings and prices - Switzerland, 1920-1921, Wages in Great Britain, France and Germany (with addendum for Switzerland), Minimum wage legislation in various countries, Comparative wage rates in the U.S. and in foreign countries, 1927, Wages paid on steamships by country and occupation, 1922, wages paid to Chinese and Lascar (Indian or southeast Asian) employees, Farm family incomes in Wake County, North Carolina - 1926, Foods - Average retail prices over time, 1923-36, Foods - Average retail prices across 39 cities, 1920-1928, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, Food price averages for each year from 1890-1970, Cigarette, cigar and rolling papers - Los Angeles, 1921, Farm houses in Iowa - Value and size, 1923, Sears homes with costs to build, 1908-1939, Cost of materials to build a Sears home, ca. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other staple goods in the Mexican capital. An increase in annual vacation pay was also stipulated.Wage Chronology: Bituminous . $30.30. Each table is for a different New Zealand city. Wages are shown in Austrian kronen. Compares average retail prices for "warehoused" name brand grocery items at independent and chain stores in Cincinnati. Indicates prices per kilowatt-hour by areas and cities. Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginias population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Source: Lists minimum and maximum daily wages for male and female workers. Shows the daily cost of food, heat, and light for a working family of 4 following independence. The mine operators assumed that if they paid a worker according to the number of tons he loaded, they would foster a competitive climate underground; and in a sense, the tonnage system worked this way. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin #682, chapter 9: "Monthly earnings of professional engineers," pp. Use the following hyperlinks to see values for AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY. Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages and hours of a variety of occupations in Madrid. On one hand, the miners discipline and death-defying courage made them ideal industrial soldiers; on the other hand, the qualities the men forged in underground combat with the elementsbravery, fraternal fealty, and group solidarityhardened them for aboveground combat with their employers. Typical compensation for directors, camera men, editors and more in, Shows typical earnings for reporters, feature writers, sports editors and others, in. Prices are shown in Swiss francs. Full chapter extends from pp. The Life of a Coal Miner | eHISTORY - Ohio State University Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board using foreign government sources. Copy. Details the price of clothing for men, women, boys and girls on pp. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Average earnings by occupation and districts. At suppertime, youngsters like Frank would sit with the men on a pile of slate and listen as veterans of the mine would sing songs, spin yarns, and tell jokes; they would rib the boys, trick them for laughs, and tell them tall tales of the devilish apparitions that appeared to them down in the hole. Meanwhile, his wife Mary operated the Nellis boarding house for foreign-born miners. 90%. The coal industry required more labor than southern West Virginia could supply. The craftiness and deftness of the best colliers was most evident when they performed the riskiest task of all. Source: Quote: "I presume that a fee of $200 would be a pretty fair estimate of the surgeon's charge for operation and the after-treatment between the operation and the death of the patient." Under other circumstances, mine tops fell without warning. Bicycles, binoculars, footballs & basketball supplies, ice skates, athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, fishing tackle, camping gear, guns. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs and other necessities in Greece. Gasoline cost an average21.7 per gallon in 1929. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis and contemporary US dollars. Click for more info about the kind of home a family earning less than $2,500 annually could buy in 1928. 7-8 in: Extensive, 219-page report published in the Bureau of Labor StatisticsBulletin no. Lists ticket prices in NYC, Boston, Philadelphia, Cleveland and eight more cities in NY, PA, OH and MA. Coffee cost an average 47 per pound in 1920. 25-38. Source: Cost of living and family expenditures in Kentucky, Tennessee and Texas. He also learned not to scare the miners beloved pigeons or to be afraid of mine rats, because these creatures could sense danger coming before it struck. The study pays particular attention to women who made less than the average wage. Workers and Managers | National Museum of American History Managers concentrated on business decisions, such as arranging transportation and selling their product. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Oct 1927, Shows the average daily wages for 14 different occupations in the Florence district. Engineers working for Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Co. used this model to visualize the coal seams and design their mines. by STATE Source: BLS. (Jack Corn/EPA) A ppalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industry's inception in the mid 19th century. Source: For each college, this table shows tuition for residents and non-residents by course of study. Shows the hourly and weekly wages for 12 principal industries throughout Germany. Prices are shown in either contemporary US dollars or Chinese coppers. The deep imagery of coal mining in the 1970s shows a lifestyle - Medium Describes the labor policy of Great Britain in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. 408, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations in the capital of Argentina. Covers more than 1,200 cities. Kitchen: Source: BLS, Shows the average wage rates for 19 different occupations in Hamburg, Germany. Cabinets and cookware. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Source: BLS. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs, clothing, and other necessities in Hungary. Constitution Avenue, NW Source: BLS. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (June 1931), Shows the average hours and daily wages of various workers in quarries, sawmills, and many other industries throughout Virginia. Taking a mine car out of turnconstituted another grave offense. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Wages are shown in both US and English currency. Boys discovered that serious men turned into jokers when they toiled underground. University of Missouri, Columbia Iowa farm houses averaged around 8 rooms and had an average value of $3,043. 8836. by OCCUPATION Typically, workers could get an advance on pay, in company-issued paper currency, called scrip, or tokens to buy goods. Next came preparations for extracting the coal. Shows the daily wages of Chilean miners between 1911 and 1924 in both pesos and the U.S. dollar. Wages for workers engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel goods, machinery, railway rolling stock, boilers, vehicles, aircraft, electrical apparatus, scientific instruments and more. Shows mining wages in Alabama, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Source: Shows the average hourly wages for various occupation both in and outside of Paris. Wages are shown in Dutch guilder. Shows salaries for teachers ofkindergarten, elementary school, junior high, high school, vocational school, college, and normal schools (teacher training academies). When a miner and his helper approached the entry to their room, danger lurked in almost every move they made. In West Virginia's colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. In the US, coal mining is a shrinking industry. Managers worried about competition, costs, and controlling workers who spoke multiple languages and labored out of view. Table 25 shows additional breakouts for skilled and white collar workers by region (. by RACE Source: Howard University, States "the average student probably spends about $700 per year for a college education" and shows, This source shows the cost of funerals and burial in 18 states and in 10 major cities. Living room: After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs spurred a population boom in the region, which stretches from western New York state to Alabama. Source: BLS, Shows the earnings over different times for both government employees and manual workers in Hamburg. The region's first coal miners primarily were African Americans, both enslaved and free. Men's: When young Frank Keeney walked through a mine portal in 1892, perhaps an older miner, maybe a neighbor, offered him some words of consolation or, at least, instruction as they traveled in and outof the mine on what was known as a man trip. Or he might have heard some words of warning from the older boys who led the mules and coal cars back and forth through the door he tended. China's worst coal mine disasters - The China Project Provides detailed breakouts by occupation. A paid subscription is required for full access. Recognizable name brand items in the price lists include Canada Dry Ginger Ale, Quaker Oats, Cream of Wheat, Hershey's Cocoa, Aunt Jemima Pancake Flour, Mazola Oil, Wesson Oil, Coleman's Mustard, Post Toasties, Morton's Salt, Knox Gelatin, Sun Maid Raisins, Palmolive soap, Log Cabin syrup, Del Monte canned goods, Heinz ketchup, Gold Medal flour, Carnation Milk, Life Savers candy, Bon Ami scouring powder, Lucky Strike cigarettes, Camel cigarettes, Scott Tissue toilet paper, and many other brand name items. Frank Keeney left no account of how he felt the day he entered the mine portal, but one imagines the dread that might have accompanied a ten-year-old boys first trip into the hole. Check the, Shows the daily rate of Utah coal mining workers in a variety of jobs and occupations. April 26, 1942. Source: Very simple table shows average hours and earnings for all production workers in manufacturing for each year from 1919-1960. Women's and children's clothing - Newcomb, Endicott, and Co. Retail prices for imported merchandise, 1922, Rates charges for hospital services, 1928, Health care costs and expenditures, 1923-1925, Average charges by type of medical complaint, 1929-1930, Public colleges - Tuition by institution, 1921-1922, Private colleges - Tuition by institution, 1921-1922, Howard University School of Medicine - Tuition & expenses, 1920-21, The Undertaker's Trade - Services and Prices, Average funeral cost by state and city, 1927, Cost to mail a letter or postcard, 1863-present, Vacation to Yellowstone National Park - Prices in 1920, Consumption expenditures per capita, 1901-1956, Cost of living increase in U.S. large cities, 1913-1941, Income needed for "minimum subsistence" in cities, 1929, Minimum income needed to live in Washington DC, 1920, Cost of living among wage earners, Detroit, 1921, Lynchburg, VA - Cost of living and expenditures, 1928-1929, Ability to pay and standard of living among farmers, 1926, Farm family expenditures in selected states, 1922-1924, Average annual costs of keeping work horses, 1921, Virginia - Cost of living and expenditures, 1928-1929, Calculator: Present-day purchasing power of a historic dollar amount, Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator, Canada - Food and rents by province and city, 1923, Canada - Prices of staple foods, fuel and rent in 1913, 1920-1927, Retail Prices in Czechoslovakia, 1914-1921, Clothing prices - Great Britain, 1914-1921, New Zealand - Food and cigarette retail prices by city, 1921. equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. Source: U.S. Dept. Arranged by occupation and then by city and year. Coal mining is a dangerous job requiring skill and judgment. continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Coal operators enticed workersmany African Americanto move to West Virginia from Virginia and the Deep South. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of various foodstuffs in the Riga markets. The workday ended at 5:30 in the evening when the sunlight had already faded over the mountains. 412. Shows wages and prices in kronen, along with the exchange rate to translate into U.S. dollars. Some New York City teacher and principal salaries are shown on the following page in Table 42. Wages shown in 1931 US dollars. Shows average wages (with and without board) by province. This answer is: Study guides. In some cases, when word came around that a miner had been scolded or punished by a boss, workers would gather on a pile of slate to talk about the incident, and the bolder ones with a manly bearing toward the boss would speak up for their fellow worker. Montgomery Ward catalog shows prices of radios and radio supplies on 60+ pages. Eventually, his sons and grandsons also worked in the mines. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930). During the early 1900s, roof falls in the bituminous coal mines killed an average of 886 workers every year, as compared with the 274 deaths per year caused by explosions and fires. for rural households in the U.S. and selected foreign countries. Workers focused on the pace of work, safety, and wages. From. This website does a good job of organizing a complex topic. Coal industry labor strikes were common from the turn of the century up through the 1930s, as were catastrophic workplace injuries and the prevalence of black lung disease. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of foodstuffs in Madrid and Barcelona. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. Read more Employment in coal mining industry in the United Kingdom (UK) 1920-2021 . Source: BLS, Shows the average price of foodstuffs and other common goods in the federal district of Mexico. Broken out by men's and women's jobs. The US Coal Industry in the Nineteenth Century BookTok is Good, Actually: On the Undersung Joys of a Vast and Multifarious Platform, Seven Crime Novels Centered Around Musicians Out in 2023, Arlington Road: The Conspiracy Thriller That Foresaw the Spread of Far-Right Extremism in America, If you want to laugh, watch this Mitchell and Webb sketch about inviting Shaggy and Scooby Doo to a party, Uncrackable: 5 Films Featuring Devilishly Difficult Heists. Working in coal mines is dangerous miners have to deal with toxic . Source: "Income of Lawyers, 1929-1948" in the August 1949 issue of. Shows the changes in wages of united Illinois coal miners following a labor agreement. This table covers pages 357-360 in this source. Source: the Historian of the U.S. Scroll forward and back to see the various cities for which average food prices are available. Wages are shown in Latvian rubles. See answers (2) Best Answer. This Farmers' Bulletin, Cost of Using Horses on Corn-Belt Farms, goes into great detail about the costs of keeping work horses, including a. Shows the "living wage" per week for different metropolitan areas of Australia. The carpenters, mechanics, mule skinners, and other mine employees, who enjoyed no such latitude, were known by pit-face miners as company men. By contrast, the pit-face miners saw themselves as autonomous workmen who labored for themselves as well as for the company. Shows the weekly earnings for 9 occupations in Amsterdam, Haarlem, the Hague, and Rotterdam. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. MORE PRICES in the U.S. Wages are based on the average weekly full-time positions from large cities. 2-4. Industrial home work was most common in clothing manufacturing and tobacco industries (rolling cigars, etc.) Study showed how much a family of five would need to live in Washington DC in 1920.
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