The significance of Gulf involvement was highlighted by the . Nile Basins GERD dispute creates risks for Egypt, Sudan, and beyond. The failure of the latest talks over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) has intensified tensions between Ethiopia and downstream states Egypt and Sudan. IDS (2013). Attia, H. & Saleh, M. (2021). His successor, Mohamed Morsi, said that Egypt was prepared to defend each drop of Nile water with blood. An armed conflict has not emerged, but there are suggestions that Egyptian intelligence services undermined Ethiopia internally by assisting the Oromo Liberation Front in its campaign of civil unrest in Ethiopia in 2016. Egypt fears Ethiopia Renaissance Dam threatens water supply They can also cause dispute and heartachefor example, over damage to. The current global energy crisis may help in this regard in the sense that Egyptians may find the allure of discounted hydroelectric energy stronger than ever before. Afraid that a drought might appear during the filling period, Egypt wants the filling to take place over a much longer period. Ethiopia - Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) - Hydropower Egypt has issued a public statement to that effect. In general, the Ethiopian development philosophy rests on two pillars: mega-dams and mega-agricultural projects. Ethiopian opinion is divided over the need for such huge investments in hydroelectric energy when the national network is still very underdeveloped and unable to cope. Such a mitigation program can make it much easier for Egyptian and Sudanese authorities to cooperate with Ethiopia and the other riparians in creating and adopting an agreement for management of the Nile. Both citizens and governments should be made part of the solution to the water-related conflicts that now threaten peace and security in the Nile Basin. Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam. Since plans for Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) were first announced in 2011, Cairo has viewed the project as a serious threat to the country's water supply. "I came to Cairo on my first official trip to the region to hear . The Tendaho, Tekeze, and the Gibe series are only a few examples from that period. per year, that would constitute a drought, to push the three countries to adhere to their obligations in accordance with the rules of international law in order to reach a fair and balanced solution to the issue of the GERD, 1929 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and 1959 Agreement. Factbox: Key facts about Ethiopia's giant Nile dam | Reuters L'Europe en Formation, 365(3), 99-138. DISADVANTAGES OF ASWAN DAM the agriculture output of Egypt. July 26, 2022. Why the Nile could see a 'water war'. Egypt, Ethiopia to form joint committee on Renaissance Dam. Because the strategy of land allocation and dam construction relied on senior executive decisions and foreign funding from China, above all, the government was largely freed of pressures of transparency and accountability. All three countries have a vested interest in a properly operated dam. Water Policy, 16(4), 595-608. Political instability in Egypt played an important role as the announcement of the project coincided with the resignation of President Mubarak during the Arab Spring. Search for jobs related to Disadvantages of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 22m+ jobs. It will take between eight and ten years to fill the new dam. This is because the VCLT allows an older treaty to be rescinded by a new one if the new one concerns the same topic (Article 59). On March 4, 1909, the Copyright Act of 1909 became law, making infringement of a copyright a federal crime for the first time. This represents a new challenge to the basins current hydro-political regime and status quo, as it may drive Sudans interest in renegotiating its current quota(Link et al., 2012;Whittington et al., 2014). l It is in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Ethiopia, about 15 km east of the border with Sudan. Most recently, there have been suggestions that the African Union should resolve the disagreement. (2011). Feb 11th 2021 DAMS HAVE several uses. February 14, 2022 JPEG Further, it means that this figure should be used to assess the impact of the Dam on the Egyptian economy for the purposes of calculating compensation resulting from loss of flow. Over the years, Egypt has used its extensive diplomatic connections and the colonial-era 1929 and 1959 agreements to successfully prevent the construction of any major infrastructure projects on the tributaries of the Nile. Revisiting hydro-hegemony from a benefitsharing perspective: the case On the contrary, GERD has a positive impact in terms of reducing flood and silting and boost water conservation as well as generate energy for the region. The other riparian states can then be brought in, either through the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) or some other regional framework, to secure an agreement that is binding on all the states. Hence, it is hard to see how Egypt could make a compelling argument that it has been harmed by the Dam. Ethiopias interests in developing its water resources are driven by its growing population and high demand for socio-economic development (Gebreluel, 2014). For example, Ethiopians and Egyptians are more likely to understand and appreciate the challenges that they face, particularly in the areas of water security, climate change, food production, and poverty alleviation, if they regularly interact with each other and engage in more bottom-up, participatory and inclusive approaches to the resolution of their conflicts. As noted above, the instrument concedes for the first time that Ethiopia has legitimate interests over the Nile. Why is the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam contentious? Ethiopia announced in April 2011 that it intends to build four large dams on the Nile, including one of the largest in the world, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (formerly known as Project X or the Grand Millennium Dam).This huge dam will flood 1,680 square kilometers of forest in northwest Ethiopia, near the Sudan border, and create a reservoir that is nearly twice as large as Lake Tana . Similarly, both the final agreement between the riparian states for the allocation of the water and resources of the Nile should include a dispute resolution mechanism. The GDP per capita in Ethiopia is only $475. The most important of these treaties is the 1997 UN Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (the Watercourses Convention). If it is allowed to reach dangerous levels, water scarcity has the potential to trigger conflicts. The three countries have agreed that when the flow of Nile water to the dam falls below 35-40 b.c.m. Addis Ababa expects to sell no less than 4,000 Megawatts (MW) of electricity to its regional partners in the coming decade. Location l Formerly called as project x then known as the Millennium Dam then it renamed to Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Disputes over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) First woman appointed to the Canada Supreme Court. But this did not rule out eruptions of tension, not just between local communities and the central government, but also between Ethiopia and its neighbours. Nevertheless, Egypt must not use sympathy for its water vulnerability as a weapon to frustrate the efforts of the other riparians to secure an agreement that is balanced, fair, and equitable. They generate electricity, store water for crop irrigation and help to prevent floods. Sudan is caught between the competing interests of Egypt and Ethiopia. It has led a diplomatic initiative to undermine support for the dam in the region; as well as in other countries supporting the project such as China and Italy. At the same. [35] Finally, Ethiopia could make a strong case that the operation of the Dam is in alignment with the core principles of international water law, namely equitable utilisation and no significant harm. These are found in Articles 5 and 7 of the Water Courses Convention respectively and, despite the scepticism outlined above, arguably form part of customary international law. March 14, 2020, 6:57 AM. In addition, no independent, multilateral Environmental and Social Impact Assessments has been carried out suggesting that Ethiopia is reneging from the 2015 Declaration of Principles (Kandeel, 2020). In my opinion, this should be negotiable, to fill the lake over a longer period, and only when the river is sufficiently full. Ethiopias Blue Nile Dam is an opportunity for regional collaboration, Developing countries are key to climate action, Self-organizing Nigeria: The antifragile state, Managing the compounding debt and climate crises. It concludes that Ethiopias legal position is far stronger and that a negotiated agreement in its favour is the most likely outcome of the dispute. Cairo . Ethiopia has never 'consumed' significant shares of the Nile's water so far, as its previous political and economic fragility in combination with a lack of external financial support, due to persistent Egyptian opposition to projects upstream, prevented it from implementing large-scale projects. Already, on June 19, 2020, Egyptian authorities called upon the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to intervene after tripartite talks had failed to secure an agreement on the filling schedule for the GERD. Cooperation among the three countries has never been more important as demand for water rises, she added, due to factors such as population growth, urbanization and industrialization. Another important area of cooperation is research, especially in areas like climate change, the fight against terrorism and extremism, and human rights. (eds.). International rights organisations have reported that many cases of displacement were not voluntary and that entire communities were driven from their villages. For example, in 2017, the UNSC highlighted the security risks of water stress in the Lake Chad Basin Region, affecting Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria, based on a combination of water scarcity, drought, desertification and land degradation. The disadvantages for Egypt and Sudan are the possibility of reduced river flow, although this is only really a problem during the years of filling the dam. Indeed, the ICJ confirmed in Gabikovo-Nagymaros Project that all riparian states have a basic right to an equitable and reasonable sharing of the resources of the watercourse. Moreover, these principles were pulled through into the DoP agreed by both Egypt and Ethiopia. However, for the reasons given above, the Nile Waters Treaties are unlikely to be considered territorial treaties. In the end, all 11 riparian states must understand that the way forward calls for the establishment of a meaningful resource-sharing agreement, one that sees and recognizes the Nile River as a regional watercourse. The dispute over the GERD is part of a long-standing feud between Egypt and Sudanthe downstream stateson the one hand, and Ethiopia and the upstream riparians on the other over access to the Niles waters, which are considered a lifeline for millions of people living in Egypt and Sudan. With regard to the mega-dams, the Gilgel Gibe III Dam and the GERD speak volumes on the substance of Zenawis political ideology. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) - ArcGIS StoryMaps Turning then to Ethiopia. for seepage and evaporation, but afforded no water to Ethiopia or other upstream riparian statesthe sources of most of the water that flows into the Nile. Environmental Impacts Of Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam On The Ethiopia needs regional customers for its hydropower to ensure the economic feasibility of the GERD. The Chinese then took over the funding amidst heightened international concern regarding the social, technical, and environmental repercussions of the Ethiopian dams. The Tripartite National Council (TNC) was then established, consisting of members from each of the three countries with the aim of carrying through the IPoE's recommendations (Attia & Saleh, 2021). The first filling of the dam in July 2020 went uneventfully. Ethiopia: The Untold Story of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Practically from the outset, the World Bank and international donors withdrew funding due to a lack of transparency, driven home when it was learned that the construction had begun without a permit from the Environmental Protection Agency in Ethiopia. Still, Egypt may be playing with fire if it were to press the legal significance of the DoP.
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